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semiconductors
20262 articles
How a Transistor Works as a Switch and an Amplifier
A transistor lets a small signal control a larger current. Learn how that makes amplifiers and digital switches, from the 1947 invention to the modern MOSFET.
How a Solar Cell Turns Sunlight Into Electricity
A solar cell uses a layered silicon sandwich to push electrons from absorbed light into a circuit. Here is the physics, the efficiency limit and how cells become panels.